Science & research - Date: May 2015

Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965-2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity

Date:
Cohen,E., Cragg,M., deFonseka,J., Hite,A., Rosenberg,M. and Zhou,B., (2015) Nutrition 31:727-732 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.007

OBJECTIVE: To document patterns and changes in average adult consumption in the USA since the earliest US government dietary recommendations for reduced fat intakes were issued (late 1970s) to current intakes, based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Also to investigate the correlation between long-term consumer dietary patterns and obesity rates. More “Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965-2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity” >

Association of late-night carbohydrate intake with glucose tolerance among pregnant African American women

Date:
Chandler-Laney,P.C., Schneider,C.R., Gower,B.A., Granger,W.M., Mancuso,M.S. and Biggio,J.R., (2015) Matern.Child.Nutr. 10.1111/mcn.12181

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether late night total energy consumption and consumption of carbohydrate in pregnancy would be associated with higher circulating glucose concentration following oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an impaired ability to secrete sufficient insulin to compensate for reduced insulin sensitivity. Also to explore whether an association between late night food intake and impaired glucose tolerance would be exacerbated in women who were obese in early pregnancy. More “Association of late-night carbohydrate intake with glucose tolerance among pregnant African American women” >

Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of hypertension and CVD: a dose-response meta-analysis

Date:
Xi,B., Huang,Y., Reilly,K.H., et al, (2015) Br.J.Nutr. 113:709-717 10.1017/S0007114514004383

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to clarify the dose-response associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. More “Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of hypertension and CVD: a dose-response meta-analysis” >

The ecologic validity of fructose feeding trials: supraphysiological feeding of fructose in human trials requires careful consideration when drawing conclusions on cardiometabolic risk

Date:
Choo,V.L. and Sievenpiper,J.L., (2015) Frontiers in Nutrition 2:10.3389/fnut.2015.00012

OBJECTIVE: To examine temporal trends of fructose dose in human controlled feeding trials of fructose and cardiometabolic risk. More “The ecologic validity of fructose feeding trials: supraphysiological feeding of fructose in human trials requires careful consideration when drawing conclusions on cardiometabolic risk” >

Calorie restriction and matched weight loss from exercise: independent and additive effects on glucoregulation and the incretin system in overweight women and men

Date:
Weiss,E.P., Albert,S.G., Reeds,D.N., et al, (2015) Diabetes Care dc142913

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether weight loss (7% reduction in body mass) induced by both calorie restriction and exercise have additive effects, on glucose tolerance and insulin action, and to gain insights about mechanisms by which calorie restriction might alter glucoregulation (independent of weight loss induced by exercise). Specifically to test whether calorie restriction reduces postprandial incretin hormone levels while promotion of insulin secretion is maintained. More “Calorie restriction and matched weight loss from exercise: independent and additive effects on glucoregulation and the incretin system in overweight women and men” >