News & Views - Date: September 2014

Comment regarding Sheiham and James paper in BMC Public Health on sugar and dental caries

Date:

This is a paper using existing data, and includes the use of evidence that the World Health Organisation deemed to be of ‘very low’ quality. These historical studies use supply data of potential sugar availability and attempt to link this to incidence of dental caries. Due to their nature they are unable to show that individuals with the lowest sugar intakes have the least dental decay, or that those with higher intakes have increased amounts of dental decay. More “Comment regarding Sheiham and James paper in BMC Public Health on sugar and dental caries” >

Normal Roles for Dietary Fructose in Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Laughlin,M.R. Nutrients 6:3117-3129 (2014) nu6083117

OBJECTIVE: To review the biochemistry of fructose as it interacts with glucose and glucose homeostasis. Particular attention to be made to processes that occur when amounts of fructose are consumed reflective of normal human diets.

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The Effects of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Weight, Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors When Consumed at up to the 90th Percentile Population Consumption Level for Fructose

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Lowndes,J., Sinnett,S., Yu,Z. and Rippe,J. Nutrients 6:3153-3168 (2014) 10.3390/nu6083153

OBJECTIVE: To explore dose response effects on the metabolism and impact on CHD risk factors of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), at doses of 8% of calories required for weight maintenance (upper level recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) and WHO), 18% of calories (~ average consumption in USA), and 30% of calories (~Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) upper limit). Doses represented 25th, 50th and 90th percentile population consumption levels of fructose in the American population.

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Systematic review of the evidence for an association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risk of obesity

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Trumbo,P.R. and Rivers,C.R. Nutr.Rev. (2014) 10.1111/nure.12128

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the strength of the evidence for the relationship between consumption of SSBs and risk of obesity, when adjustment for energy intake is made.

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Association between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

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Greenwood,D.C., Threapleton,D.E., Evans,C.E., et al, Br.J.Nutr. 112:725-734 (2014) 10.1017/S0007114514001329

OBJECTIVE: To review systematically and undertake a dose-response meta-analysis of the latest evidence relating to the reported association between intake of sugar-sweetened drinks and increased risk of type-2 diabetes, and whether this is related to sugar content or related lifestyle factors, whether similar associations hold for artificially sweetened soft drinks, and how these associations are related to BMI.

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Moderate amounts of fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages do not differentially alter metabolic health in male and female adolescents

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Heden,T.D., Liu,Y., Park,Y.M., Nyhoff,L.M., Winn,N.C. and Kanaley,J.A. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 100:796-805 (2014) 10.3945/ajcn.113.081232

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic health effects (insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, insulin clearance, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations) of short-term (2-week) consumption of high fructose (HF) and high glucose (HG)-sweetened beverages in adolescents aged 15-20 years.

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Fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or indexes of liver health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Chung,M., Ma,J., Patel,K., Berger,S., Lau,J. and Lichtenstein,A.H., (2014) Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ajcn.086314

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose, sucrose, HFCS and SSB (if absolute amount of fructose or sucrose was reported) on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans. Fructose included both free fructose and total fructose (including honey).

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Systematic review: Carbohydrate supplementation on exercise performance or capacity of varying durations

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Stellingwerff,T. and Cox,G.R., (2014) Appl.Physiol.Nutr.Metab. 39:998-1011 10.1139/apnm-2014-0027


OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on exercise performance of varying durations and related mechanisms.

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The effect of non-caloric sweeteners on cognition, choice, and post-consumption satisfaction

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Hill,S.E., Prokosch,M.L., Morin,A. and Rodeheffer,C.D., (2014) Appetite S0195-6663(14)00400-0


OBJECTIVE: To provide new insights into the ongoing debate about whether non-caloric sweeteners (NCSs) help or hinder weight loss. More specifically to test the impact of non-caloric sweetener consumption on food-related cognition (cognitive accessibility of food items with differing levels of caloric density), consumer choice (between high, low or zero calorie options) and subjective responses to sugar-sweetened snacks.

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Processed foods: contributions to nutrition

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Weaver,C.M., Dwyer,J., Fulgoni,V.L.,3rd, et al, (2014) Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 99:1525-1542 ajcn.114.089284

OBJECTIVE: To review the nutritional impacts of processed foods, specifically (1) how they contribute to the health of populations, (2) their contribution to “nutrients to encourage” and “constituents to limit” in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), (3) to identify the responsibilities of various stakeholders in improving the American diet, and (4) to review emerging technologies and research needed for a better understanding of the role of processed foods in a healthy diet.

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