Science & research

Cross-over studies underestimate energy compensation: The example of sucrose versus sucralose-containing drinks

Date:

Nouf S. Gadah, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Peter J. Rogers (2016) Appetite 107; 398-405

  • Most studies investigating the effects of beverages on energy intake at a single meal use a cross-over design
  • This study found that this design may underestimate the extent of energy compensation due to carry-over effects

OBJECTIVE: To explore the implications of using cross-over versus parallel group study designs on estimates of energy compensation

More “Cross-over studies underestimate energy compensation: The example of sucrose versus sucralose-containing drinks” >

New markers of dietary added sugar intake

Date:

Davy B, Jahren H. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016 Jul;19(4):282-8. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000287.

  • Biomarker development is required to further knowledge of what people consume
  • This research shows there are a number of challenges to overcome before a reliable biomarker for added sugars can be used in practice

OBJECTIVE: A review of recent advances in the development of two potential biomarkers for sugars intake

More “New markers of dietary added sugar intake” >

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity in 2 Swedish cohorts

Date:

Louise Brunkwall, Yan Chen, George Hindy, Gull Rukh, Ulrika Ericson, Ines Barroso, Ingegerd Johansson, Paul W Franks, Marju Orho-Melander, and Frida Renstrom. AJCN. First published ahead of print July 27, 2016 as doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.126052.

  • Results rely on self-reported intake data which authors identify as a potential limitation
  • Many studies in this area have not adjusted for total energy intake, therefore results are unclear about the impact of SSB on obesity risk

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intake and obesity risk when modified by genetic predisposition to obesity.

More “Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity in 2 Swedish cohorts” >

Impact of Masked Replacement of Sugar-Sweetened with Sugar-Free Beverages on Body Weight Increases with Initial BMI: Secondary Analysis of Data from an 18 Month Double-Blind Trial in Children

Date:

Katan MB, de Ruyter JC, Kuijper LDJ, Chow CC, Hall KD, et al. (2016) PLoS ONE 11(7): e0159771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone

  • Compensatory mechanisms of liquid calories explored – interesting area of research
  • Double-blind study design strongly reduced potential for conscious dietary compensation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of sugar-free versus sugary drinks separately in children with a higher and a lower initial BMI, and to predict caloric intakes and degree of compensation in the two groups.

More “Impact of Masked Replacement of Sugar-Sweetened with Sugar-Free Beverages on Body Weight Increases with Initial BMI: Secondary Analysis of Data from an 18 Month Double-Blind Trial in Children” >

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Date:

Ching-Jung Yu, Jung-Chieh Du, Hsien-Chih Chiou, Chun-Cheng Feng, Ming-Yi Chung, Winnie Yang, Ying-Sheue Chen, Ling-Chu Chien, Betau Hwang, and Mei-Lien. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13.7 (2016): 678

  • Research findings linking sugar consumption with increased risk of ADHD to date are controversial
  • Dose-response effect noted between SSB consumption and ADHD however causality has not been determined

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-aged children.

More “Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” >

Frequent Consumption of Sugar- and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Natural and Bottled Fruit Juices Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Date:

Cıntia Ferreira-Pego, Nancy Babio, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Dolores Corella, Ramon Estruch, Emilio Ros, Montserrat Fito, Lluıs Serra-Majem, Fernando Aros, Miguel Fiol, Jose Manuel Santos-Lozano, Carlos Munoz-Bravo, Xavier Pinto, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, and Jordi Salas-Salvado (on behalf of the PREDIMED Investigators). The Journal of Nutrition. First published ahead of print June 29, 2016 as doi: 10.3945/jn.116.230367

  • Frequent but not occasional consumption of sweet beverages, including juices was associated with a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome in this older population at high risk of cardiovascular disease
  • The findings are likely to be influenced by the low consumption of these beverages in this population

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), and natural and bottled fruit juices and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

More “Frequent Consumption of Sugar- and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Natural and Bottled Fruit Juices Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk” >

No differential effect of beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, or glucose on systemic or adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Date:

Jessica N Kuzma, Gail Cromer, Derek K Hagman, Kara L Breymeyer, Christian L Roth, Karen E Foster-Schubert, Sarah E Holte, David S Weigle, and Mario Kratz. AJCN. First published ahead of print June 29, 2016. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.129650

  • Limited human intervention study data exists examining sugar-sweetened beverage effects on systemic inflammation
  • Beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup or glucose did not differentially affect systemic or adipose tissue inflammation markers
  • Relatively short duration of intervention periods may not have allowed for much change in selected inflammation markers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether high fructose intake through consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) for 8 days encourages low-grade chronic systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults.

More “No differential effect of beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, or glucose on systemic or adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults: a randomized controlled trial” >

Biomarker-predicted sugars intake compared with self-reported measures in US Hispanics/Latinos: results from the HCHS/SOL SOLNAS study

Date:

JM Beasley, M Jung, N Tasevska, WW Wong, AM Siega-Riz, D Sotres-Alvarez, MD Gellman, JR Kizer, PA Shaw, J Stamler, M Stoutenberg, L Van Horn, AA Franke, J Wylie-Rosett and Y Mossavar-Rahmani. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Jun 24:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1017/S1368980016001580

  • This large study has highlighted the challenges still to overcome in designing an appropriate biomarker to measure sugars intake
  • Developments is this area are needed to improve knowledge of how people eat

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of urinary sugars as a biomarker for total sugars intake

More “Biomarker-predicted sugars intake compared with self-reported measures in US Hispanics/Latinos: results from the HCHS/SOL SOLNAS study” >

Cardiovascular responses to sugary drinks in humans: galactose presents milder cardiac effects than glucose or fructose

Date:

Nathalie Charrière, Cathriona Loonam, Jean-Pierre Montani, Abdul G. Dulloo, Erik K. Grasser. European Journal of Nutrition, pp 1-9. First online: 21 June 2016

  • In an acute controlled setting, consumption of glucose, fructose and galactose has differing effects on the measures of the cardiovascular system in this small sample of young healthy males
  • Larger longer term studies are needed to see whether the potential benefits of galactose are evident in different populations and when consumed as part of a normal diet in everyday life

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which the acute ingestion of galactose, compared to glucose and fructose, impacts upon haemodynamics and blood pressure

More “Cardiovascular responses to sugary drinks in humans: galactose presents milder cardiac effects than glucose or fructose” >

Impact of Sugars and Sugar Taxation on Body Weight Control: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Date:

Bes-Rastrollo, M., Sayon-Orea, C., Ruiz-Canela, M. and Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A. (2016) Obesity. doi: 10.1002/oby.21535

OBJECTIVE: To review and summarise the available evidence regarding added sugars consumption as a risk factor for weight gain or obesity, and to examine the effects of caloric sweeteners and taxation.

More “Impact of Sugars and Sugar Taxation on Body Weight Control: A Comprehensive Literature Review” >